Research highlights governance and ecological challenges of mangroves in small islands

Research by Dr. Meenakshi Shankar Poti (Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Université libre de Bruxelles) delves into the environmental policies and governance structures in small islands, with further emphasis on the mangrove ecosystems of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Her study underscores the challenges posed by top-down governance and the pressing need for tailored environmental policies that consider local ecological and socio-cultural conditions.

The research is published in the journal Ambio.

Dr. Poti’s research highlights the impact of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and tsunami on mangrove ecosystems in these islands. The tsunami led to significant land subsidence (up to 3 m) and uplift (up to 1.4 m), dramatically altering the tidal patterns crucial for mangrove survival. As a result, 97% of mangroves in the Nicobar Islands were lost. However, these changes also opened up new intertidal zones, allowing for mangrove colonization in previously non-mangrove terrestrial areas.

“A key finding of my research is the inadequate policy response to these ecological changes.” Dr. Poti says. “Despite the crucial role mangroves play in coastal protection and fisheries, the governance framework remains fragmented, with limited coordination between the Fisheries and Forest Departments. Additionally, top-down governance often overlooks local ecological conditions, leading to failed mangrove restoration efforts.”

Encouragingly, Dr. Poti notes an emerging trend of informal collaboration between government officers and researchers, which has the potential to improve conservation efforts. While challenges remain, this shift indicates a growing recognition of the importance of scientific input in environmental policy.